Types of Colon Polyps for Cancer Patients to Know About
Dr. Jerry Lang talks about how fast colon cancer grows
There are four types of colon polyps that commonly occur among patients. But first, a colon polyp is a growth on the inner surface of the colon. In simple terms, a polyp is an abnormal growth projecting from the mucous membrane. Colon polyps can be found on the lining of the colon or rectum. They may be as large as a golf ball or the size of a pinhead.
The last six feet of your digestive tract is the colon. Polyps are common in this area and usually increase as we age. Colon polyps sometimes turn cancerous. However, timely treatment can avoid such a situation. Aging, lifestyle and family history along with genetics are among the common causes of colon polyps.
Types of colon polyps
Of the four types of colon polyps that occur in the colon, two are the most common. These are the adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps.
- Inflammatory: This is most common in patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. These are often called pseudopolyps or false polyps as they are a reaction to chronic inflammation of the colon wall. They are not cancerous.
- Hyperplastic: A hyperplastic polyp is usually smaller in size and found in the rectum. These polyps cannot be distinguished on appearance during a colonoscopy, and may have to be biopsied for microscopic examination. These are considered low risk for cancer as they have little chance of becoming malignant.
- Tubular adenoma or adenomatous polyp: Tubular adenoma is the most common. Seventy percent of all polyps removed are this type. They are a definite cancer risk. The risk increases with the growth of the polyps. Adenomatous polyps have no symptoms. However, if detected early they can be removed during colonoscopy before they become cancerous. Polyps grow slowly and may take years to turn cancerous. Patients with a history of adenomatous polyps should ensure that they regularly undergo examination to track their growth.
- Villous adenoma or tubulovillous adenoma: Villous adenoma is a more serious type of polyp and has a very high risk of cancer as it grows larger. They are often large in size and sessile. Sessile means that the main body of the polyp is attached to the inside wall of the colon instead of being attached on a 'stalk.' This makes removal of the polyps more difficult. Usually the smaller ones can be removed over several colonoscopies. But large ones may require surgery for complete removal. Follow-up may be required depending upon the size and completeness of removal.
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Keep in mind that different types of colon polyps are common and occur in about 30 to 50 percent of adults. All polyps are initially not cancerous, and can be completely and safely removed. They can be usually detected with colonoscopy. A colonoscopy may also require a follow-up examination. Newer technologies are being continuously developed for detection. Your healthcare provider is the best source of information about colon polyps and related concerns.
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