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For the latest information on genetic testing for colon cancer and current news on other colon cancer topics, please accept a free weekly subscription to the CCR Newsletter.

Genetic Testing for Colon Cancer

Cancer and genes

The ancient greeks could not have imagined genetic testing for colon cancer. They believed that cancer was caused by too much body fluid. They called this fluid "black bile." Doctors in the 17th and 18th centuries suggested that parasites caused cancer.

Researchers are working hard to understand more about how genes work inside the body and why things sometimes go wrong. Recently, cancer research has focused on understanding how a normal cell, through a series of genetic changes, turns into a cancerous cell. We hope this brief discussion helps you understand why researchers think genetic testing for colon cancer can save lives.

How genes cause cancer

For various reasons, genes often undergo mutations (changes). Some mutations have no effect on a cell, while other mutations are harmful or helpful to the cell.

There are two types of genetic changes or mutations:

those that are passed down from parent to child
those that happen during the lifetime of a person and are not passed on to the next generation

If the mutation is passed from one of the parents to the child, it is called a germline mutation. When a germline mutation is passed on from a parent to the child, it is present in every cell of the child's body, including the reproductive sperm and egg cells. Because the mutation affects reproductive cells, it is passed from generation to generation. Germline mutations are responsible for 5% to 10% of cancer cases. This is also called familial (occurring in families) cancer.

Most cancers are caused by a series of mutations that develop during a person's lifetime called acquired mutations. Acquired mutations are caused by tobacco, over-exposure to UV radiation, and other toxins and chemicals. These mutations are not in every cell of the body and are not passed from parent to child. Cancer caused by this type of mutation is also called sporadic cancer.

Most scientists believe that cancer happens when several genes of a particular group of cells become mutated. This makes genetic testing for colon cancer very difficult because not all the genes always test positive for mutations. Some people may have more inherited mutations than others, and even with the same amount of environmental exposure, some people are simply more likely to develop cancer and we don’t know why. Lots of research is devoted to finding out why.

Inheriting risk

In most cases, people who inherit a known cancer gene will not definitely get cancer. Inheriting a cancer gene usually means you have a greatly increased risk of developing cancer compared to other people in the population. So you don't really inherit cancer from your family, but you might inherit an increased risk of developing cancer. This is why genetic testing for colon cancer could be valuable to your health. This type of increased risk is sometimes also called a predisposition or susceptibility.

It is important to remember that everyone has a certain risk of developing cancer in their lives, whether they have people in their family with cancer or not. This risk increases with age, which means that old people are far more likely to develop cancer than young people. It is relatively rare for young people to get cancer. This is true even if a person has one close relative with cancer. Close relatives are parents, children, brothers, sisters, aunts, uncles and grandparents.

Can cancer genes 'skip' a generation?

Not everyone who inherits a cancer susceptibility gene actually gets cancer. Sometimes it looks as if cancer skips a generation in families in which many members have cancer. But on a genetic level, you either inherit the gene from one of your parents or you don't. There is a 50/50 chance. If you don't inherit the gene, you can't pass it on to your children. So the genetic mutation cannot skip a generation. However, not everyone with the mutation will necessarily develop cancer, so it can seem that the cancer skipped one generation.

Does colon cancer run in families?

Most people who develop colon cancer don't have a strong history of it in their family. The greatest single risk for developing colon cancer is getting older. Other risk factors for colon cancers include lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise.

But there are some families with a strong history of colon cancer. This means having:

Parent, brother, sister, son or daughter who developed colon cancer below the age of 45, or
Two or more first degree relatives on the same side of the family with colon cancer at any age

Some types of colon cancer that run in families also can cause an increase in other types of cancers, such as:

cancers of the womb
stomach
pancreas
ovary
kidney

Anyone can have an inherited risk of cancer in your family if they have a relative with colon cancer and relatives on the same side of the family with these other cancers.

Some families have more people in the family with colon cancer than you would expect by chance but no specific gene fault is found. The greater number of cancers in these families may be due to shared environmental factors (such as diet) but may also be due to an inherited gene which has not been discovered.

Is there a colon cancer gene?

So far, three types of inherited gene changes which increase the risk of colon cancer have been found. These are:

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
Hereditary non polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)
MYH associated polyposis or MAP

It is possible that other genes will be identified in the future.

How can a person know if he or she has inherited a genetic mutation that increases his or her risk of colorectal cancer?

Only genetic testing for colon cancer can determine whether you have a genetic mutation. Most experts strongly recommend that people considering genetic testing first consult a genetic counselor. Genetic counselors are trained to explain the risks and benefits of genetic testing.

Protect Yourself From the High Cost of Cancer

According to the recent studies, American men have a 44% chance of developing cancer while the chances for women are about 37%. The general risk of developing colon cancer in the United States is about 6%. For this reason, it's important for everyone, particularly people above the age of 50 years, to go for routine screening.

Whether discovered early or late, cancer is a debilitating disease due to the care, costs and the mental and physical trauma involved. Many times the cost of treatment leaves the patient in heavy financial distress.

Most insurance plans do not cover the total cost of the treatment, which leaves the patient and their family in a lurch. These days people have started purchasing supplemental cancer insurance that can help in covering otherwise uninsured expenses related to cancer illness.

Written by Deborah Theres - 2/24/09

Colonoscopy - The colonoscopy procedure is the crucial method to detecting and preventing colon cancer.
Preparing for a Colonoscopy - Preparing for a colonoscopy is simple but can be frustrating for some. However the information the colonoscopy provides is incredibly beneficial and could possibly save your life. This page gives information on exactly how to prepare, from what to eat to…
Genetic Testing For Colon Cancer - Genetic testing for colon cancer is an effective way to help warn patients early. A Gene causes cancer by mutating .There are two types of mutations, ones passed on from your parents and those that happen throughout your lifetime and are not passed on to the next generation. Most cancers are caused by a series of mutations that...
Exercise and Cancer - Exercise and cancer prevention discusses how exercise is an excellent way to prevent cancer, especially if you’ve already overcome cancer. The page suggests a variety of simple exercises, anything from dancing to joining a team sport. The Dana-Farber Cancer Institute shows that people who exercise regularly have higher survival rate, showing that...
Diet Before Colonoscopy Bowel Preparation - The most important part of preparing for a colonoscopy is your diet. To be sure you’ll have a successful screening It’s essential to consider certain changes to your diet a few days before your procedure. The recommended diet before a colonoscopy bowel preparation is to eat light foods and...
View a Colonoscopy - View a Colonoscopy provides a clip of a colonoscopy being preformed, however it’s presented through the comedy of Daman Wayans. The clip does an excellent job demonstrating the common fears that are associated with colonoscopies. Hopefully this humorous clip will provide you with the courage...
Colonoscopy Diet - Colonoscopy diet management is easy and has great benefits. Adding fiber to your diet is the most beneficial, but remember that fiber must be drastically reduced a few days before your colonoscopy. Two great sources of fiber are bran fiber and wheat germ. Adding fiber to your diet includes other benefits such as lowering blood chloresterol,...
Katie Couric Colon Cancer - This page provides a clip of Katie Couric undergoing a colonoscopy live on national television. Katie Couric's husband, Jay Monahan, died of colon cancer in 1998 at age 42 and was diagnosed at age 41. Since her bold approach to colon cancer prevention the number of colonoscopies went up...
Colon Cancer Prevention - Adding fiber to your regular diet can reduce your chance of getting colon cancer. Colon cancer prevention is tremendously important since it’s one of the leading causes of cancer deaths. The daily recommended amount of fiber intake for women is 25 grams and for men...
Rectal Exam - A digital rectal exam can be unpleasant and embarrassing but is vital for early detection. The entire process only takes 1 to 2 minutes. You may feel a little sore after the test but this will pass. After the test your doctor will want you to provide him with...
Colon Cleanser - A colon cleanser is an unnecessary procedure that will not improve your health and may even be harmful to your health. Colon cleansers tend to make unsupported claims such as preventing constipation, clearing up your skin, and some even claim that you can lose up to 30 pounds. A colon cleanser can jeopardize your health by causing you to absorb too much water resulting in vomiting, it also can cause heart...
Diet and Colon Cancer - Diet and colon cancer are extremely important to colon cancer patients. A good diet is mainly about managing symptoms such as; pain, constipation, diarrhea, etc. Some negative effects of a colon cancer diet is that it may cause...
Registered Dietician - If you do not have a proper diet after colon cancer surgery it could hamper your recovery process. A list of proper foods is provided. It will take awhile for your digestion to settle down after colon surgery so you may have to avoid...
Diet After Colon Cancer Surgery - If you do not have a proper diet after colon cancer surgery it could hamper your recovery process. A list of proper foods is provided. It will take awhile for your digestion to settle down after colon surgery so you may have to avoid...
Cancer Nutrition: Working with a Dietician - Understanding cancer nutrition will give you a much greater chance of beating colon cancer .A dietician is the best way to help you understand and manage your diet. Before you even meet your dietician you will need to create a food log so he/she will be aware of your daily eating habits. Your dietician may ask you to...
Colonoscopy and Polyps - Your colonoscopy and polyps findings should be a wake up call for you to start making chnages to your diet and execise routines. Although Fiber has not been proven to prevent colon cancer it has other great benefits for your health, and has been established for healthy colon activity. Some ways of adding fiber to your daily diet include...
Digital Rectal Exam - What is a rectal exam, and why do I need one? A digital rectal exam is an examination of the lower rectum. A rectal exam could help you find out about health problems that you weren't aware of before. The exam can detect...
Benefits of Colon Cleansing - The benefits of colon cleansing are difficult to prove and much published. People who think that colon cleansing is a good choice for health say it dates back to ancient Greece and has been done all through history. Although the facts show if used too often it...
Virtual Colonoscopy - A virtual colonoscopy is a noninvasive way of finding colon polyps without having to have the extensive preparation and potential discomfort of a regular colonoscopy.
Virtual Colonoscopy Video - A virtual colonoscopy is an up and coming procedure that uses a CT scanner to outline an X-ray picture of the colon and to find polyps without having an invasive procedure. The procedure uses the CT scanner to take cross sectional images of the abdomen. Air is blown up into the colon so that any polyps will be immediately...
Disadvantages of Virtual Colonoscopy - A disadvantage of virtual colonoscopy is that it can only find pedunculated polyps, which are those on a stalk. This means the test isn’t good for picking up flat colon polyps. Also, if a polyp is found...
Cancer Diet Nutrition - There are diets to prevent cancer, and there are diets you partake in if you already have cancer because you want to use your diet to help you recover. Fortunately, the diets are very similar. There are 17 cancers that have been proven to be prevented by following a healthy diet. The American Institute for Cancer Research tells us...
Cancer Fighting Diet - It is important to recognize that you have the ability to fight cancer with your diet. A proper diet cannot cure cancer but there are many foods that can help you fight the cancer along with the medical treatment you...
Katie Couric Colonoscopy - The Katie Couric colonoscopy did much to increase awareness of colon cancer and colon cancer screening. When she had a live colonoscopy on air in March of 2000, she increased public awareness of colon cancer screening. Interestingly, she also increased the rate at which...
Colonoscopy Liquid Diet - You need to follow a special colonoscopy liquid diet before a colonoscopy so no stool blocks the vision of any polyps or cancerous areas within the colon. Doctors have different liquid diets they have their patients follow but all...
Cancer Prevention Diet - Most people don’t realize that the diet you eat can promote or prevent cancer. There are things in your diet that will cause cancer to grow more aggressively and things you can eat that will slow the progression of cancer or stop it from developing altogether. A cancer prevention diet is especially important if you have a family history...
Colonoscopy Preparation - You will meet with the doctor before the colonoscopy to discuss the colonoscopy preparation as well as the particulars of how you’ll get home after the colonoscopy. You’ll need a ride because most doctors use...
Gardasil Vaccination Against Anal Cancer - Recently the US FDA has approved Gardasil for the prevention of anal cancer. Anal cancer, unlike colon cancer and rectal cancer, is a cancer of skin and anal cells making it a sexually transmittable cancer. A Gardasil vaccination against anal cancer is able to...

	Colon Cancer Resource Helping you find a cure
	For the latest information on genetic testing for colon cancer and current news on other colon cancer topics, please accept a free weekly subscription to the CCR Newsletter. Genetic Testing for Colon Cancer Cancer and genes The ancient greeks could not have imagined genetic testing for colon cancer. They believed that cancer was caused by too much body fluid. They called this fluid "black bile." Doctors in the 17th and 18th centuries suggested that parasites caused cancer. Researchers are working hard to understand more about how genes work inside the body and why things sometimes go wrong. Recently, cancer research has focused on understanding how a normal cell, through a series of genetic changes, turns into a cancerous cell. We hope this brief discussion helps you understand why researchers think genetic testing for colon cancer can save lives. How genes cause cancer For various reasons, genes often undergo mutations (changes). Some mutations have no effect on a cell, while other mutations are harmful or helpful to the cell. There are two types of genetic changes or mutations: those that are passed down from parent to child those that happen during the lifetime of a person and are not passed on to the next generation If the mutation is passed from one of the parents to the child, it is called a germline mutation. When a germline mutation is passed on from a parent to the child, it is present in every cell of the child's body, including the reproductive sperm and egg cells. Because the mutation affects reproductive cells, it is passed from generation to generation. Germline mutations are responsible for 5% to 10% of cancer cases. This is also called familial (occurring in families) cancer. Most cancers are caused by a series of mutations that develop during a person's lifetime called acquired mutations. Acquired mutations are caused by tobacco, over-exposure to UV radiation, and other toxins and chemicals. These mutations are not in every cell of the body and are not passed from parent to child. Cancer caused by this type of mutation is also called sporadic cancer. Most scientists believe that cancer happens when several genes of a particular group of cells become mutated. This makes genetic testing for colon cancer very difficult because not all the genes always test positive for mutations. Some people may have more inherited mutations than others, and even with the same amount of environmental exposure, some people are simply more likely to develop cancer and we don’t know why. Lots of research is devoted to finding out why. Inheriting risk In most cases, people who inherit a known cancer gene will not definitely get cancer. Inheriting a cancer gene usually means you have a greatly increased risk of developing cancer compared to other people in the population. So you don't really inherit cancer from your family, but you might inherit an increased risk of developing cancer. This is why genetic testing for colon cancer could be valuable to your health. This type of increased risk is sometimes also called a predisposition or susceptibility. It is important to remember that everyone has a certain risk of developing cancer in their lives, whether they have people in their family with cancer or not. This risk increases with age, which means that old people are far more likely to develop cancer than young people. It is relatively rare for young people to get cancer. This is true even if a person has one close relative with cancer. Close relatives are parents, children, brothers, sisters, aunts, uncles and grandparents. Can cancer genes 'skip' a generation? Not everyone who inherits a cancer susceptibility gene actually gets cancer. Sometimes it looks as if cancer skips a generation in families in which many members have cancer. But on a genetic level, you either inherit the gene from one of your parents or you don't. There is a 50/50 chance. If you don't inherit the gene, you can't pass it on to your children. So the genetic mutation cannot skip a generation. However, not everyone with the mutation will necessarily develop cancer, so it can seem that the cancer skipped one generation. Does colon cancer run in families? Most people who develop colon cancer don't have a strong history of it in their family. The greatest single risk for developing colon cancer is getting older. Other risk factors for colon cancers include lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise. But there are some families with a strong history of colon cancer. This means having: Parent, brother, sister, son or daughter who developed colon cancer below the age of 45, or Two or more first degree relatives on the same side of the family with colon cancer at any age Some types of colon cancer that run in families also can cause an increase in other types of cancers, such as: cancers of the womb stomach pancreas ovary kidney Anyone can have an inherited risk of cancer in your family if they have a relative with colon cancer and relatives on the same side of the family with these other cancers. Some families have more people in the family with colon cancer than you would expect by chance but no specific gene fault is found. The greater number of cancers in these families may be due to shared environmental factors (such as diet) but may also be due to an inherited gene which has not been discovered. Is there a colon cancer gene? So far, three types of inherited gene changes which increase the risk of colon cancer have been found. These are: Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) Hereditary non polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) MYH associated polyposis or MAP It is possible that other genes will be identified in the future. How can a person know if he or she has inherited a genetic mutation that increases his or her risk of colorectal cancer? Only genetic testing for colon cancer can determine whether you have a genetic mutation. Most experts strongly recommend that people considering genetic testing first consult a genetic counselor. Genetic counselors are trained to explain the risks and benefits of genetic testing. Protect Yourself From the High Cost of Cancer According to the recent studies, American men have a 44% chance of developing cancer while the chances for women are about 37%. The general risk of developing colon cancer in the United States is about 6%. For this reason, it's important for everyone, particularly people above the age of 50 years, to go for routine screening. Whether discovered early or late, cancer is a debilitating disease due to the care, costs and the mental and physical trauma involved. Many times the cost of treatment leaves the patient in heavy financial distress. Most insurance plans do not cover the total cost of the treatment, which leaves the patient and their family in a lurch. These days people have started purchasing supplemental cancer insurance that can help in covering otherwise uninsured expenses related to cancer illness. Written by Deborah Theres - 2/24/09 Related pages: Colonoscopy - The colonoscopy procedure is the crucial method to detecting and preventing colon cancer. Preparing for a Colonoscopy - Preparing for a colonoscopy is simple but can be frustrating for some. However the information the colonoscopy provides is incredibly beneficial and could possibly save your life. This page gives information on exactly how to prepare, from what to eat to… Genetic Testing For Colon Cancer - Genetic testing for colon cancer is an effective way to help warn patients early. A Gene causes cancer by mutating .There are two types of mutations, ones passed on from your parents and those that happen throughout your lifetime and are not passed on to the next generation. Most cancers are caused by a series of mutations that... Exercise and Cancer - Exercise and cancer prevention discusses how exercise is an excellent way to prevent cancer, especially if you’ve already overcome cancer. The page suggests a variety of simple exercises, anything from dancing to joining a team sport. The Dana-Farber Cancer Institute shows that people who exercise regularly have higher survival rate, showing that... Diet Before Colonoscopy Bowel Preparation - The most important part of preparing for a colonoscopy is your diet. To be sure you’ll have a successful screening It’s essential to consider certain changes to your diet a few days before your procedure. The recommended diet before a colonoscopy bowel preparation is to eat light foods and... View a Colonoscopy - View a Colonoscopy provides a clip of a colonoscopy being preformed, however it’s presented through the comedy of Daman Wayans. The clip does an excellent job demonstrating the common fears that are associated with colonoscopies. Hopefully this humorous clip will provide you with the courage... Colonoscopy Diet - Colonoscopy diet management is easy and has great benefits. Adding fiber to your diet is the most beneficial, but remember that fiber must be drastically reduced a few days before your colonoscopy. Two great sources of fiber are bran fiber and wheat germ. Adding fiber to your diet includes other benefits such as lowering blood chloresterol,... Katie Couric Colon Cancer - This page provides a clip of Katie Couric undergoing a colonoscopy live on national television. Katie Couric's husband, Jay Monahan, died of colon cancer in 1998 at age 42 and was diagnosed at age 41. Since her bold approach to colon cancer prevention the number of colonoscopies went up... Colon Cancer Prevention - Adding fiber to your regular diet can reduce your chance of getting colon cancer. Colon cancer prevention is tremendously important since it’s one of the leading causes of cancer deaths. The daily recommended amount of fiber intake for women is 25 grams and for men... Rectal Exam - A digital rectal exam can be unpleasant and embarrassing but is vital for early detection. The entire process only takes 1 to 2 minutes. You may feel a little sore after the test but this will pass. After the test your doctor will want you to provide him with... Colon Cleanser - A colon cleanser is an unnecessary procedure that will not improve your health and may even be harmful to your health. Colon cleansers tend to make unsupported claims such as preventing constipation, clearing up your skin, and some even claim that you can lose up to 30 pounds. A colon cleanser can jeopardize your health by causing you to absorb too much water resulting in vomiting, it also can cause heart... Diet and Colon Cancer - Diet and colon cancer are extremely important to colon cancer patients. A good diet is mainly about managing symptoms such as; pain, constipation, diarrhea, etc. Some negative effects of a colon cancer diet is that it may cause... Registered Dietician - If you do not have a proper diet after colon cancer surgery it could hamper your recovery process. A list of proper foods is provided. It will take awhile for your digestion to settle down after colon surgery so you may have to avoid... Diet After Colon Cancer Surgery - If you do not have a proper diet after colon cancer surgery it could hamper your recovery process. A list of proper foods is provided. It will take awhile for your digestion to settle down after colon surgery so you may have to avoid... Cancer Nutrition: Working with a Dietician - Understanding cancer nutrition will give you a much greater chance of beating colon cancer .A dietician is the best way to help you understand and manage your diet. Before you even meet your dietician you will need to create a food log so he/she will be aware of your daily eating habits. Your dietician may ask you to... Colonoscopy and Polyps - Your colonoscopy and polyps findings should be a wake up call for you to start making chnages to your diet and execise routines. Although Fiber has not been proven to prevent colon cancer it has other great benefits for your health, and has been established for healthy colon activity. Some ways of adding fiber to your daily diet include... Digital Rectal Exam - What is a rectal exam, and why do I need one? A digital rectal exam is an examination of the lower rectum. A rectal exam could help you find out about health problems that you weren't aware of before. The exam can detect... Benefits of Colon Cleansing - The benefits of colon cleansing are difficult to prove and much published. People who think that colon cleansing is a good choice for health say it dates back to ancient Greece and has been done all through history. Although the facts show if used too often it... Virtual Colonoscopy - A virtual colonoscopy is a noninvasive way of finding colon polyps without having to have the extensive preparation and potential discomfort of a regular colonoscopy. Virtual Colonoscopy Video - A virtual colonoscopy is an up and coming procedure that uses a CT scanner to outline an X-ray picture of the colon and to find polyps without having an invasive procedure. The procedure uses the CT scanner to take cross sectional images of the abdomen. Air is blown up into the colon so that any polyps will be immediately... Disadvantages of Virtual Colonoscopy - A disadvantage of virtual colonoscopy is that it can only find pedunculated polyps, which are those on a stalk. This means the test isn’t good for picking up flat colon polyps. Also, if a polyp is found... Cancer Diet Nutrition - There are diets to prevent cancer, and there are diets you partake in if you already have cancer because you want to use your diet to help you recover. Fortunately, the diets are very similar. There are 17 cancers that have been proven to be prevented by following a healthy diet. The American Institute for Cancer Research tells us... Cancer Fighting Diet - It is important to recognize that you have the ability to fight cancer with your diet. A proper diet cannot cure cancer but there are many foods that can help you fight the cancer along with the medical treatment you... Katie Couric Colonoscopy - The Katie Couric colonoscopy did much to increase awareness of colon cancer and colon cancer screening. When she had a live colonoscopy on air in March of 2000, she increased public awareness of colon cancer screening. Interestingly, she also increased the rate at which... Colonoscopy Liquid Diet - You need to follow a special colonoscopy liquid diet before a colonoscopy so no stool blocks the vision of any polyps or cancerous areas within the colon. Doctors have different liquid diets they have their patients follow but all... Cancer Prevention Diet - Most people don’t realize that the diet you eat can promote or prevent cancer. There are things in your diet that will cause cancer to grow more aggressively and things you can eat that will slow the progression of cancer or stop it from developing altogether. A cancer prevention diet is especially important if you have a family history... Colonoscopy Preparation - You will meet with the doctor before the colonoscopy to discuss the colonoscopy preparation as well as the particulars of how you’ll get home after the colonoscopy. You’ll need a ride because most doctors use... Gardasil Vaccination Against Anal Cancer - Recently the US FDA has approved Gardasil for the prevention of anal cancer. Anal cancer, unlike colon cancer and rectal cancer, is a cancer of skin and anal cells making it a sexually transmittable cancer. A Gardasil vaccination against anal cancer is able to... Back to top	Search CCR This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. Free Subscription First Name Email Get the latest news on colon cancer delivered to your inbox each week! Click here to read our Privacy Policy. eBOOK AVAILABLE NOW! eBOOK AVAILABLE NOW! eBOOK AVAILABLE NOW! eBOOK AVAILABLE NOW!
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