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Colon Surgery

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There are two types of colon surgery:

  • open colon/abdominal surgery
  • laparoscopic colon/abdominal surgery

Colon surgery is done laparoscopically whenever possible because it involves doing several small, inch-long incisions and the recovery time is shorter. Open colon surgery is done if the surgeons really need to get inside the abdomen and do a lot of work, such as with abscess cleaning, colon cancer surgery or when large amounts of colon need to be removed.

Surgery Indicators

The indications for colon surgery include colon cancer, obstruction of the colon, colon polyps, diverticulosis and diverticulitis. Remember that the colon is the last part of the bowels and involves the ascending colon, the transverse colon and the descending colon. It is in these areas and the rectum that colon cancers form. Another name for "colon" is "large intestine". It is part of the bowels that is looked at with a colonoscopy.

Doctors perform more than 600,000 colon surgery operations every year in order to remove a portion of the colon. The actual condition resulting in resection of the colon includes benign (non-cancerous) and malignant (cancerous) lesions.

The conventional or open operations are up and down incisions that are around five inches long. It takes between five and seven days to recover from this kind of operation in order to be able to leave the hospital. It also takes that long to get bowel function back again and be able to have a normal bowel movement. Patients begin taking IV medications for pain and eventually go back to taking oral pain medications (by mouth).

Laparoscopic Surgery

Laparoscopic colon surgery is done a little bit differently. It is much less invasive and, while there are several incisions, they are spread out and are small. Certain kinds of colon polyps that can’t be removed by means of colonoscopy can be removed using a laparoscope.

This type of colon surgery is becoming more popular as more surgeons become good at doing the procedure. Inside the abdomen, the exact operation is done using the open method but the time to recovery is much faster. It can often take a day or so to recover from this procedure enough to go home.

Why Colon Surgery?

One of the conditions that can be removed by open or laparoscopic colon surgery are adenomatous polyps. These are colon growths that come out of the lining of the colon. They start as small lesions that grow and begin to bleed. They also can become big enough to cause blockage of the colon. If they are not caught, they can turn into colon cancer and can require a much bigger colon surgery. If they are too large or are cancerous, they can’t be removed by a colonoscopy and must be removed by means of a colon surgery.

Diverticulosis or diverticulitis may need to be treated with antibiotics and colon surgery. The doctor removes the infected diverticuli and any abscess that has formed around it. This surgery may have to be done using an open colon surgery. The area around the infected colon is removed, especially if it also has diverticuli.

Colon cancer is another reason why a person might have colon surgery. The doctor may try to use laparoscopic surgery but often needs to use an open surgery in order to remove all of the cancerous tissue and any involved lymph nodes. Sometimes the doctor may order chemotherapy to shrink the cancerous tumor before having the actual surgery.

Recovery

Colon surgery can be risky but most people do just fine and recover within a week, regardless of the type of surgery they had. If you have open colon surgery, you need to avoid heavy lifting for at least six weeks or you may get disruption of the incision or a hernia.

Written by Christine Traxler

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